SPEDGE question of the day
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Which type of VPN requires a full mesh of virtual circuits to provide optimal site-to-site connectivity?
A. peer-to-peer VPNs
B. MPLS Layer 3 VPNs
C. GET VPNs
D. Layer 2 overlay VPNs
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64 Comments sorted by
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Which three Layer 3 VPN technologies are based on the overlay model?
A. MPLS Layer 3 VPNs
B. DMVPNs
C. L2TPv3
D. Frame Relay virtual circuits
E. ATM virtual circuits
F. GRE/IPsec
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Which VPN technology uses the Group Domain of interpretation as the keying protocol and IPsec for encryption that is often deployed over a private MPLS core network?
A. SSL VPN
B. DMVPN
C. GET VPN
D. L2TPv3
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What is the primary difference between 6PE and 6VPE?
A. 6VPE provides IPv6 VPN services.
B. 6VPE does not require an MPLS core.
C. 6VPE requires an IPv6-aware core.
D. 6VPE tunnels IPv6 packets inside IPv4 packets.
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Refer to the Cisco IOS XR router output exhibit,
RP/0/RP1/CPU0:R1#show route vrf red ipv6
Codes: C - connected, S - static, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP
D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area
N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2
E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2, E - EGP
i - ISIS, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2
ia - IS-IS inter area, su - IS-IS summary null, * - candidate default
U - per-user static route, o - ODR, L - local
Gateway of last resort is not set
B 2001:db80:beef:1::/64
[200/0] via ::ffff:192.168.253.6 (nexthop in vrf default),07:04:14
which method is being used to transport IPv6 traffic over the service provider network?
A. native IPv4
B. 6PE
C. native IPv6
D. dual stack
E. 6VPE
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Which flavor of MPLS Layer 3 VPN has MPLS enabled on PE-CE links?
A. basic
B. AToM
C. inter-AS
D. CSC
E. VPLS
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Which MP-BGP address family must be configured to use VPLS autodiscovery in a Cisco IOS XR router?
A. address-family vpls vfi
B. address-family ipv4 mdt
C. address-family vpnv4 unicast
D. address-family l2vpn vpls-vpws
E. address-family ipv4 tunnel
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In MPLS Layer 3 VPN implementations, what is used on the PE router to isolate potential overlapping routing information between different customers?
A. pseudowire classes
B. pseudowire IDs
C. route targets
D. VC IDs
E. VRFs
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Within the service provider IP/MPLS core network, what must be implemented to enable Layer 3 MPLS VPN services?
A. targeted LDP between the PE routers
B. LDP between the CE and PE routers
C. RSVP on all the PE and P routers
D. IS-IS or OSPF on all the PE and P routers
E. MP-BGP between the PE routers
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In MPLS Layer 3 VPN implementations, which mechanism is used to control which routes are imported to a VRF?
A. VRF ID
B. RD
C. PW ID
D. VC ID
E. RT
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Which two statements regarding Cisco 6PE operations are correct?
A. The inner label in the label stack is assigned by LDP, and it is used for IPv6 forwarding at the egress PE.
B. The top label in the label stack is assigned by LDP, and it is used to reach the egress PE.
C. The top label in the label stack is assigned by MP-BGP, and it is used to reach the egress PE.
D. The inner label in the label stack is assigned by MP-BGP, and it is used for IPv6 forwarding at the egress PE.
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Which Cisco IOS XR BGP configuration command is required to enable MP-BGP to carry IPv6 VPN routes?
A. address-family vpnv6 unicast
B. address-family vpnv4 unicast
C. address-family ipv4 unicast
D. address-family ipv6 unicast
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Which statement regarding the Cisco IOS BGP configuration exhibit is correct?
router bgp 65101
no bgp default ipv4-unicast
neighbor 172.16.1.1 remote-as 65101
neighbor 172.16.2.1 remote-as 65101
neighbor 172.16.3.1 remote-as 65101
!
address-family ipv4
neighbor 172.16.1.1 activate
neighbor 172.16.3.1 activate
!
address-family vpnv4
neighbor 172.16.2.1 activate
neighbor 172.16.3.1 activate
A. All three neighbors (172.16.1.1, 172.16.2.1, and 172.16.3.1) will receive both VPNv4 routes and IPv4 BGP routes.
B. All three neighbors (172.16.1.1, 172.16.2.1, and 172.16.3.1) will receive IPv4 BGP routes.
C. Only the 172.16.2.1 and 172.16.3.1 neighbors will receive both VPNv4 routes and IPv4 BGP routes.
D. None of the routers will receive IPv4 BGP routes.
E. Only the 172.16.3.1 neighbor will receive both VPNv4 routes and IPv4 BGP routes.
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When implementing MPLS Layer 3 VPNs with customers running OSPF as the CE-PE routing protocol, the service provider MPLS backbone looks like what to the CE routers?
A. a transit area (similar to a transit area for supporting virtual links)
B. an external routing domain
C. a superbackbone that is transparent to the CE OSPF routers
D. the backbone (Area 0)
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When implementing MPLS Layer 3 VPNs with customers running OSPF as the CE-PE routing protocol, which situation will require a sham link to be implemented in the MPLS backbone?
A. to connect customer sites in different OSPF areas
B. if there is a backdoor link between the CE routers, to ensure that the backdoor link is used only to back up the primary connection through the MPLS VPN
C. to connect customer sites in the same OSPF area
D. to prevent OSPF routing loops when a customer site has redundant CE-PE connections
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On Cisco IOS and IOS XE Layer 3 MPLS VPN implementations, when redistributing the customer RIP routes into MP-BGP, the RIP metric is copied into which BGP attribute?
A. extended community
B. MED
C. local preference
D. weight
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Which option is used as a loop prevention mechanism to support MPLS VPN customers with multihomed sites?
A. sham links
B. BGP down bit
C. SOO extended BGP community
D. allow as-in
E. AS override
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Refer to the partial Cisco IOS XR PE router configuration exhibit for supporting a Layer 3 MPLS VPN customer using BGP as the CE-to-PE routing protocol.
router bgp 64500
address-family vpnv4 unicast
!
vrf Customer_A
address-family ipv4 unicast
!
neighbor 10.1.1.1
remote-as 64501
address-family ipv4 unicast
The service provider AS number is 64500, the customer AS number is 64501, and the customer CE router is 10.1.1.1. What is missing in the configuration?
A. The route distinguisher has not been configured under router bgp 64500 vrf Customer_A.
B. The import and export route targets have not been configured under router bgp 64500 vrf Customer_A.
C. The 10.1.1.1 BGP neighbor has not been activated for IPv4 unicast routing.
D. The 10.1.1.1 BGP neighbor has not been activated for the VPNv4 address family.
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Based on the Cisco IOS XR VRF configuration exhibit,
vrf CustomerA
description Customer A Site
address-family ipv4 unicast
import route-target
1:210
!
export route-target
1:210
!
vrf CustomerB
description Customer B Site
address-family ipv4 unicast
import route-target
1:220
!
export route-target
1:220
!
vrf CustomerA-C
description Customer A Central Site
address-family ipv4 unicast
import route-target
1:210
1:1000
!
export route-target
1:210
1:1000
!
vrf CustomerB-C
description Customer B Central Site
address-family ipv4 unicast
import route-target
1:220
1:1000
!
export route-target
1:220
1:1000
Which two data flows between the MPLS VPNs will be allowed?
A. The CustomerA sites can communicate with all CustomerB sites.
B. The CustomerA central site can communicate with all CustomerA sites.
C. The CustomerA central site can communicate with the CustomerB central site.
D. The CustomerA central site can communicate with all CustomerB sites.
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Refer to the partial Cisco IOS XR PE router VRF configuration exhibit.
vrf customer1
address-family ipv4 unicast
import route-target
1:1
2:1
!
export route-target
1:1
2:2
!
vrf customer2
address-family ipv4 unicast
import route-target
1:2
2:1
!
export route-target
1:2
2:2
To implement a central-service VPN supporting both customer1 and customer2, what will be the required corresponding VRF configuration on the central-service-server PE router?
A.
vrf central-service-server
address-family ipv4 unicast
import route-target
1:1
1:2
2:1
2:2
3:1
!
export route-target
1:1
1:2
2:1
2:2
3:1
B.
vrf central-service-server
address-family ipv4 unicast
import route-target
2:2
3:1
!
export route-target
2:1
3:1
C.
vrf central-service-server
address-family ipv4 unicast
import route-target
1:1
1:2
3:1
!
export route-target
1:1
1:2
3:1
D.
vrf central-service-server
address-family ipv4 unicast
import route-target
2:1
3:1
!
export route-target
2:2
3:1
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Which two statements about implementing a separate MPLS VPN to provide customers Internet access are correct?
A. Customers will use separate interfaces for VPN and Internet access.
B. The Internet gateway router will act as a CE router.
C. Customers are assigned to the Internet VPN.
D. Internet routes will be leaked from the PE global routing table to the customer VRF.
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Which CE-to-PE routing protocol implements the down bit as a loop prevention mechanism?
A. IS-IS
B. OSPF
C. EIGRP
D. BGP
E. RIPv2
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When you are using OSPF as the CE-to-PE routing protocol in MPLS VPN implementations, an OSPF route from customerA site 1 in Area 0 will appear as which kind of OSPF route in customerA site 2, also in Area 0?
A. intra-area
B. E2
C. E1
D. interarea
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In Layer 3 MPLS VPN implementations, if some of the VPNv4 routes on one PE router do not appear on another PE router, what could be the problem?
A. RT export and import configuration errors
B. VRF name mismatch between the PE routers
C. RD mismatch between the PE routers
D. RD export and import configuration errors
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When implementing CSC services, which two methods can be used to exchange label information between the downstream CSC customer carrier and the CSC backbone carrier?
A. using RSVP
B. using MP-BGP
C. using back-to-back VRF
D. using IGP and LDP
E. using front VRF and internal VRF
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The Cisco IOS XR address-family ipv4 labeled-unicast and the Cisco IOS/IOS XE neighbor send-label commands are used in which MPLS implementation?
A. VPLS
B. back-to-back VRF
C. AToM
D. Cisco MPLS TE
E. CSC using MP-BGP for label exchange
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When verifying Layer 3 MPLS VPN operations, which Cisco IOS XR show command is best used to verify that the PE router is receiving the routes from the CE router?
A. show route vrf vrf-name
B. show bgp vpnv4 unicast ip-prefix
C. show bgp vpnv4 vrf vrf-name
D. show route
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When implementing Layer 3 MPLS VPNs on Cisco IOS/IOS XE PE routers, which PE-to-CE routing protocol requires a separate routing process to be created for each VRF?
A. BGP
B. OSPF
C. RIPv2
D. EIGRP
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In Layer 3 MPLS VPN implementations, if a customer is using the same AS number at both customer sites and the PE-to-CE routing protocol is BGP, what must be enabled on the PE router?
A. BGP SOO extended community
B. BGP AS override
C. BGP allowas-in
D. BGP AS path prepending
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Which three functions are performed by the PE router in an MPLS Layer 3 VPN?
A. imports and exports RTs that are received from the P routers
B. exchanges routing updates with the CE router
C. exchanges VPNv4 routes with other PE routers over MP-BGP
D. exchanges RDs with the P routers
E. translates the CE routing information into VPNv4 routes
F. exchanges VPN labels with the CE routers
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Which BGP extended community is used to control the distribution of VPN routing information and to identify routers that may receive a set of routes that carry the community?
A. opaque
B. RT
C. SOO
D. RD
E. route origin
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In which configuration mode is a route distinguisher configured in a Cisco IOS XR router?
A. config-bgp-vrf
B. config-bgp-af
C. config-vrf
D. config-bgp
E. config-vrf-af
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Refer to the exhibit.
route-policy filter
pass
end-policy
!
router bgp 1234
bgp router-id 10.2.2.2
address-family ipv4 unicast
network 192.168.0.0/24
network 192.168.1.0/24
!
neighbor-group share
remote-as 1234
update-source Loopback0
address-family ipv4 unicast
route-policy filter in
route-reflector-client
!
neighbor 10.1.1.1
use neighbor-group share
!
vrf INTERNET
rd 1:1
address-family ipv4 unicast
redistribute connected
Given the output shown, which two statements are true?
A. The router cannot learn any routes for neighbor 10.1.1.1.
B. The configured remote AS for neighbor 10.1.1.1 is 1234.
C. Both prefixes that are referenced by network commands will be visible with the show bgp command from the information that is shown in the output.
D. The neighbor 10.1.1.1 cannot learn any routes from this router.
E. Routes from the Internet VRF that are injected into BGP through redistribution will be advertised to neighbor 10.1.1.1.
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Which Layer 2 VPN technology is implemented over an IP core network without the need for MPLS?
A. AToM
B. L2TPv3
C. VPLS
D. VPWS
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Which two Layer 2 VPN methods support interworking between customer sites with different Layer 2 encapsulation at each end (for example, Frame Relay to Ethernet interworking)?
A. L2TPv3
B. GET VPN
C. VPLS
D. AToM
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What are the two AToM interworking modes?
A. routed (interworking ip)
B. bridged (interworking ethernet)
C. transparent (interworking transparent)
D. label-switched (interworking mpls)
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When implementing EoMPLS on Cisco IOS XR routers, which command under the l2vpn configuration mode is used to define the pseudowire?
A. connect
B. bridge-domain
C. xconnect
D. bridge
E. pbb
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When configuring an EoMPLS PW on a Cisco IOS XR router, what are the two supported transport modes?
A. ethernet (Ethernet port mode)
B. ip (routed mode)
C. vlan (VLAN-tagged mode)
D. transparent (bridged mode)
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When implementing EoMPLS PWs, which configuration is optional?
A. control word
B. matching PW ID on both ends
C. Cisco Express Forwarding
D. Xconnect
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Which method is used to provide inter-AS AToM services?
A. back-to-back VRF
B. Cisco MPLS TE tunnels
C. autodiscovery
D. AToM interworking
E. pseudowire stitching
F. targeted LDP
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When troubleshooting EoMPLS configuration problems, which three parameters must match between the two ends of the pseudowire configurations?
A. pseudowire ID
B. EFP subinterface number
C. control word usage
D. Xconnect group name
E. MTU size
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Which Layer 2 protocol parameters can be carried inside the control word when implementing AToM service?
A. encapsulation type
B. VC type
C. PW ID
D. Frame Relay FECN, BECN, and DE bits
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When implementing VPLS on Cisco routers, which data structure resembles a virtual switch and is used for learning the MAC addresses?
A. SVI
B. VRF
C. VFI
D. BVI
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In hierarchical VPLS implementations, which two access architectures can be used between the UPE and NPE?
A. 802.1ad
B. MP-BGP
C. EoMPLS
D. Frame Relay
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Which two methods can be used for VPLS PW signaling?
A. LDP
B. BGP
C. RSVP
D. IGP
E. Static
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When implementing non-hierarchical VPLS with eight PE routers, how many total PWs will be required between the PE routers?
A. 16
B. 28
C. 32
D. 8
E. 64
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VPWS/EoMPLS offers which type of Ethernet services as defined by the MEF?
A. E-LAN
B. E-Interworking
C. E-Tree
D. E-Line
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When using the Cisco EVC software infrastructure, a double-tagged frame with a customer VLAN of 10 and a service provider VLAN of 150 will be best matched by which encapsulation configuration?
A. encapsulation dot1q 10 second-dot1q 150
B. encapsulation dot1q 150
C. encapsulation dot1q 10 second-dot1q any
D. encapsulation dot1q 10 second-dot1q 50-200
E. encapsulation dot1q 10
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When implementing H-VPLS with QinQ access on Cisco Metro Ethernet switches, which two commands enable the QinQ tagging?
A. switchport mode trunk
B. switchport access vlan {sp-vlan}
C. switchport access vlan {customer-vlan}
D. encapsulation dot1q {customer-vlan} second-tag {sp-vlan}
E. switchport mode dot1q-tunnel
F. encapsulation dot1q {sp-vlan} second-tag {customer-vlan}
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Implementing H-VPLS instead of VPLS reduces which requirement?
A. having to implement QinQ tagging between the UPE and the NPE
B. having a full mesh of PWs between all the UPE routers
C. having a full mesh of PWs between all the PE routers in the service provider MPLS core
D. having to implement MPLS LDP between the UPE and the NPE
E. the overhead of using BGP or LDP autodiscovery
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When implementing VPLS on Cisco IOS XR routers, the customer-facing subinterfaces on the PE routers are assigned to which Cisco EVC component?
A. bridge group
B. bridge domain
C. BVI
D. Layer 2 transport
E. VFI
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